Product Description
Stainless Steel Short Pitch Conveyor Chain With Extended Pin Short Pitch Precision Roller Chain(A series) transmission parts
We supply SS304 And SS316 Stainless Steel Conveyor Chain,Stainless Steel Conveyor Chain for Sewage, Sewage Conveyor Chain, Double conveyor chain, double pitch conveyor chain, double chain conveyor, SS conveyor chain, stainless steel conveyor chain, SS304 conveyor chain, SS316 conveyor chain, SS316L conveyor chain, sewage treatment conveyor chain, sewage disposal system chain, sewage disposal system conveyor chain, sewage treatment machine chain, sewage treatment machine conveyor chain, sewage treatment machine drive chain, sewage disposal machine chain, sewage disposal machine conveyor chain, sewage disposal machine drive chain, sewage treatment plant conveyor chain, sewage treatment plant drive chain, sewage treatment equipment conveyor chain, sewage treatment equipment drive chain
We export standard chain and also special chain as per your drawing or sample
Our stainless steel chain include:
1) Stainless steel roller chains
2) Short pitch stainless steel conveyor chain attachments
3) Double pitch stainless steel conveyor chains
4) Double pitch stainless steel conveyor chain attachments
5) Stainless steel hollow pin chains
6) Special chain as per your drawing or sample
Material: SS202, SS302, SS410, SS304, SS316, SS316L and so on
Our chain plate have special treatment and so hardness high and straightness high and tensile strength higher. We produce for famous chain factory in Europe, our quality is high, if you choose us, you choose reliable
HangZhou CHINAMFG Industry Co., Ltd. is a specialized supplier of a full range of chains, sprockets, gears, gear racks, v belt pulley, timing pulley, V-belts, couplings, machined parts and so on.
Due to our CHINAMFG in offering best service to our clients, understanding of your needs and overriding sense of responsibility toward filling ordering requirements, we have obtained the trust of buyers worldwide. Having accumulated precious experience in cooperating with foreign customers, our products are selling well in the American, European, South American and Asian markets.Our products are manufactured by modern computerized machinery and equipment. Meanwhile, our products are manufactured according to high quality standards, and complying with the international advanced standard criteria.
With many years’ experience in this line, we will be trusted by our advantages in competitive price, one-time delivery, prompt response, on-hand engineering support and good after-sales services.
Additionally, all our production procedures are in compliance with ISO9001 standards. We also can design and make non-standard products to meet customers’ special requirements. Quality and credit are the bases that make a corporation alive. We will provide best services and high quality products with all sincerity. If you need any information or samples, please contact us and you will have our soon reply.
/* January 22, 2571 19:08:37 */!function(){function s(e,r){var a,o={};try{e&&e.split(“,”).forEach(function(e,t){e&&(a=e.match(/(.*?):(.*)$/))&&1
| Usage: | Conveyor Chain |
|---|---|
| Material: | Stainless steel |
| Surface Treatment: | No |
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
.shipping-cost-tm .tm-status-off{background: none;padding:0;color: #1470cc}
| Shipping Cost:
Estimated freight per unit. |
about shipping cost and estimated delivery time. |
|---|
| Payment Method: |
|
|---|---|
|
Initial Payment Full Payment |
| Currency: | US$ |
|---|
| Return&refunds: | You can apply for a refund up to 30 days after receipt of the products. |
|---|
Can roller chains be used in low-temperature environments?
Yes, roller chains can be used in low-temperature environments, but there are several factors to consider for their proper performance and longevity:
1. Material Selection: Choose roller chains that are specifically designed for low-temperature applications. These chains are typically made from materials that can withstand the cold temperatures without becoming brittle or losing their mechanical properties. Common materials used in low-temperature roller chains include stainless steel, nickel-plated steel, or special alloys.
2. Lubrication: Proper lubrication is essential in low-temperature environments to ensure smooth operation and prevent excessive wear. However, it’s important to consider the type of lubricant used as some lubricants may become less effective or thickened at low temperatures. Select lubricants that are specifically formulated for low-temperature applications to maintain proper chain lubrication and reduce friction.
3. Temperature Ratings: Check the temperature ratings provided by the roller chain manufacturer. Ensure that the roller chain is suitable for the specific low-temperature range of your application. Different roller chains have different temperature limits, and exceeding these limits can lead to decreased performance, increased wear, and potential chain failure.
4. Impact Resistance: Low temperatures can make materials more susceptible to impact damage. It’s important to ensure that the roller chain selected has good impact resistance properties to withstand any sudden shocks or loads that may occur during operation in low-temperature environments.
5. Environmental Factors: Consider the overall environmental conditions of the low-temperature environment. Factors such as moisture, ice, or freezing conditions can affect the performance of roller chains. In such cases, additional protection measures like sealing, covers, or regular maintenance may be necessary to prevent ice formation or moisture ingress.
6. Regular Inspection and Maintenance: Regularly inspect the roller chains for signs of wear, damage, or inadequate lubrication. Monitor their performance and address any issues promptly. In low-temperature environments, extreme cold can exacerbate any existing issues, so proactive maintenance is crucial to ensure the continued reliability of the roller chains.
By considering these factors and selecting roller chains designed for low-temperature applications, you can ensure their proper functioning and durability in low-temperature environments.
Can roller chains be used in underwater applications?
Roller chains are not typically recommended for direct use in underwater applications due to the potential for corrosion and water ingress. However, with appropriate modifications and additional protective measures, roller chains can be adapted for certain underwater applications. Here’s a detailed answer to the question:
1. Corrosion Resistance: In underwater environments, corrosion is a significant concern. Roller chains can be manufactured from corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel or coated with anti-corrosion treatments to mitigate the effects of exposure to water and moisture.
2. Sealing and Waterproofing: Special seals, O-rings, or protective covers can be installed to prevent water ingress into the chain’s internal components. These seals help to maintain lubrication and protect against corrosion, ensuring reliable operation even in wet conditions.
3. Lubrication Selection: Choosing the appropriate lubricant is crucial for underwater applications. Lubricants with excellent water resistance and corrosion protection properties should be selected to provide long-lasting lubrication in the submerged environment.
4. Maintenance and Inspection: Regular maintenance and inspection are essential to monitor the condition of the roller chain in underwater applications. This includes checking for signs of corrosion, lubricant degradation, or seal damage. Prompt replacement of worn or damaged components is necessary to prevent chain failure and ensure optimal performance.
It’s important to consult with experts or manufacturers experienced in underwater applications to determine the suitability of roller chains for specific underwater environments. They can provide guidance on the necessary modifications, materials, and maintenance practices to ensure the safe and reliable operation of roller chains in such conditions.
editor by CX 2024-04-10
China Standard Stainless Steel Short Pitch Conveyor Chain with Extended Pin Short Pitch Precision Roller Chain (A series) Transmission Parts
Product Description
Stainless Steel Short Pitch Conveyor Chain With Extended Pin Short Pitch Precision Roller Chain(A series) transmission parts
We supply SS304 And SS316 Stainless Steel Conveyor Chain,Stainless Steel Conveyor Chain for Sewage, Sewage Conveyor Chain, Double conveyor chain, double pitch conveyor chain, double chain conveyor, SS conveyor chain, stainless steel conveyor chain, SS304 conveyor chain, SS316 conveyor chain, SS316L conveyor chain, sewage treatment conveyor chain, sewage disposal system chain, sewage disposal system conveyor chain, sewage treatment machine chain, sewage treatment machine conveyor chain, sewage treatment machine drive chain, sewage disposal machine chain, sewage disposal machine conveyor chain, sewage disposal machine drive chain, sewage treatment plant conveyor chain, sewage treatment plant drive chain, sewage treatment equipment conveyor chain, sewage treatment equipment drive chain
We export standard chain and also special chain as per your drawing or sample
Our stainless steel chain include:
1) Stainless steel roller chains
2) Short pitch stainless steel conveyor chain attachments
3) Double pitch stainless steel conveyor chains
4) Double pitch stainless steel conveyor chain attachments
5) Stainless steel hollow pin chains
6) Special chain as per your drawing or sample
Material: SS202, SS302, SS410, SS304, SS316, SS316L and so on
Our chain plate have special treatment and so hardness high and straightness high and tensile strength higher. We produce for famous chain factory in Europe, our quality is high, if you choose us, you choose reliable
HangZhou CHINAMFG Industry Co., Ltd. is a specialized supplier of a full range of chains, sprockets, gears, gear racks, v belt pulley, timing pulley, V-belts, couplings, machined parts and so on.
Due to our CHINAMFG in offering best service to our clients, understanding of your needs and overriding sense of responsibility toward filling ordering requirements, we have obtained the trust of buyers worldwide. Having accumulated precious experience in cooperating with foreign customers, our products are selling well in the American, European, South American and Asian markets.Our products are manufactured by modern computerized machinery and equipment. Meanwhile, our products are manufactured according to high quality standards, and complying with the international advanced standard criteria.
With many years’ experience in this line, we will be trusted by our advantages in competitive price, one-time delivery, prompt response, on-hand engineering support and good after-sales services.
Additionally, all our production procedures are in compliance with ISO9001 standards. We also can design and make non-standard products to meet customers’ special requirements. Quality and credit are the bases that make a corporation alive. We will provide best services and high quality products with all sincerity. If you need any information or samples, please contact us and you will have our soon reply.
/* January 22, 2571 19:08:37 */!function(){function s(e,r){var a,o={};try{e&&e.split(“,”).forEach(function(e,t){e&&(a=e.match(/(.*?):(.*)$/))&&1
| Usage: | Conveyor Chain |
|---|---|
| Material: | Stainless steel |
| Surface Treatment: | No |
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
.shipping-cost-tm .tm-status-off{background: none;padding:0;color: #1470cc}
| Shipping Cost:
Estimated freight per unit. |
about shipping cost and estimated delivery time. |
|---|
| Payment Method: |
|
|---|---|
|
Initial Payment Full Payment |
| Currency: | US$ |
|---|
| Return&refunds: | You can apply for a refund up to 30 days after receipt of the products. |
|---|
Are there any special considerations for installing roller chains?
Proper installation of roller chains is crucial to ensure their optimal performance and longevity. Here are some key considerations for installing roller chains:
1. Alignment: Ensure proper alignment of the sprockets to prevent side loading and premature wear. The sprockets should be aligned parallel to each other and positioned at the correct distance according to the chain’s pitch.
2. Tension: Proper chain tension is essential for smooth operation and to prevent excessive wear. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for the appropriate tension based on the specific chain type and application. It’s important to achieve the correct tension without over-tightening, as excessive tension can lead to increased stress and accelerated wear.
3. Lubrication: Apply the appropriate lubricant to the roller chain during installation. Lubrication helps reduce friction, wear, and heat generation. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for the type and frequency of lubrication based on the operating conditions and chain design. Ensure even distribution of lubricant along the chain’s length.
4. Sprocket Teeth Engagement: Check that the chain properly engages with the teeth of the sprockets. The chain should fit snugly into the sprocket teeth without excessive clearance or interference. Incorrect engagement can cause slippage, uneven wear, and premature failure.
5. Chain Length: Ensure that the chain length is appropriate for the application. Avoid excessive slack or excessive tension by adjusting the chain length accordingly. An incorrectly sized chain can lead to poor performance, increased wear, and potential damage to the chain and sprockets.
6. Protection: Consider using chain guards or covers to protect the roller chain from external contaminants such as dust, dirt, or debris. This helps minimize wear and extends the chain’s lifespan, particularly in harsh or dirty environments.
7. Regular Inspection: Regularly inspect the roller chain and sprockets for signs of wear, damage, or misalignment. Monitor the chain’s performance and address any issues promptly to avoid further damage and prevent unexpected downtime.
8. Proper Tools and Techniques: Use appropriate tools and techniques during installation to ensure accuracy and prevent damage to the chain or components. Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines or consult with experts for specific installation instructions.
By following these considerations and best practices, you can ensure proper installation of roller chains and maximize their performance and durability in your application.
Can roller chains be used for power transmission in pumps and compressors?
Yes, roller chains can be used for power transmission in pumps and compressors. Here’s a detailed answer to the question:
1. Power Transmission: Roller chains are widely used in various industries for transmitting power between rotating components. In pumps and compressors, roller chains can efficiently transfer power from the motor to the impeller or compressor wheel, enabling the pumping or compression action.
2. Versatility: Roller chains are available in different sizes, pitches, and configurations, making them suitable for various power transmission requirements. They can accommodate a wide range of power levels and speeds, allowing pumps and compressors to operate effectively in different applications and conditions.
3. Load Handling: Pumps and compressors typically involve dynamic loads due to the movement of fluids and gases. Roller chains are designed to handle these dynamic loads effectively. The multiple rollers and pins in the chain distribute the load evenly, minimizing stress concentrations and ensuring smooth power transmission.
4. Durability: Roller chains are known for their durability and resistance to wear. They are designed to withstand demanding operating conditions, including high speeds, fluctuating loads, and exposure to contaminants. Proper lubrication and maintenance further enhance their longevity and reliability in pump and compressor applications.
5. Easy Installation and Maintenance: Roller chains offer ease of installation and maintenance. They can be easily installed, adjusted, and tensioned to ensure proper alignment and operation. Routine maintenance tasks such as lubrication and inspection can help optimize chain performance and identify any potential issues.
It’s important to select the appropriate roller chain based on the specific requirements of the pump or compressor, considering factors such as power transmission capacity, speed, load characteristics, and environmental conditions. Regular inspection and maintenance are crucial to ensure optimal performance and to detect any signs of wear or damage that may require replacement or repair.
How do roller chains handle shock loads?
Roller chains are designed to handle a certain level of shock loads, but their ability to withstand and absorb shocks depends on several factors. Here’s a detailed answer to the question:
1. Chain Design: The design of roller chains includes various elements that contribute to their ability to handle shock loads. These elements include the shape and size of the rollers, the pitch of the chain, and the material used for construction. High-quality roller chains are engineered to provide durability and strength, allowing them to withstand sudden impacts and shocks.
2. Material Selection: The choice of materials for roller chains plays a significant role in their ability to handle shock loads. Chains made from high-quality alloy steels or special heat-treated steels offer better toughness and resistance to impact. The material properties, including hardness and tensile strength, are important considerations in determining the chain’s ability to handle shock loads.
3. Chain Tension: Proper chain tension is crucial for handling shock loads effectively. Adequate tension ensures the chain remains engaged with the sprockets during sudden changes in load or direction. Insufficient tension can lead to chain slippage or disengagement, resulting in increased shock loads on the chain links. Regular inspection and adjustment of chain tension help maintain optimal performance.
4. Lubrication and Maintenance: Proper lubrication is essential for reducing friction and wear, especially when dealing with shock loads. Adequate lubrication ensures smooth movement of the chain and minimizes the impact of shocks on the chain’s components. Regular maintenance, including cleaning and relubrication, helps prolong the chain’s lifespan and ensures its ability to handle shock loads.
While roller chains are designed to handle a certain level of shock loads, it is important to consider the specific requirements of the application. In situations where high shock loads are expected, additional measures such as using shock-absorbing devices, selecting chains with higher load capacities, or implementing buffering systems may be necessary to protect the chain and ensure reliable operation.
editor by CX 2024-03-30
China supplier High Quality Pitch 50.80mm C2080 C2082 Conveyor Chain Stainless Steel Roller Chain with Extended Pin near me manufacturer
Merchandise Description
Solution Description
Item Parameters
| Common | GB, ISO, ANSI, DIN |
| Type | Regular A and standard B precision roller chain, conveyor chain |
| specific chain with equipment, welding chain, leaf chain and sprocket | |
| ANSI chain No. | 40,fifty,60,eighty,100,one hundred twenty,140,one hundred sixty,one hundred eighty,200,240 |
| C40,C50,C60,C80,C100,C120,C140,C160 | |
| DIN/ISO chain No. | 08A,10A,12A,16A,20A,24A,28A,32A,36A,40A,48A |
| C08A,C10A,C12A,C16A,C20A,C24A,C28A,C32A | |
| Application | Foods processing, pharmaceutical and chemical industries, electronics, machinery |
| home appliances, automotive production, metallurgy, sewage treatment | |
| Collection | A collection,B sequence |
More Items
Advantage
Certifications
Specifics ABOUT CZPT CHAIN
Exhibition
Workshop
Software
Packaging Information
Shipping
FAQ
1. Are you manufacturer or trade Business?
We are a factory founded in 1997 with trade group for global services.
two. What terms of payment you typically use?
T/T 30% deposit and 70% against doc, Western Union, L/C at sight
3. What is your direct time for your items?
Typically 35 times soon after confirmed get. 30 times could be offered in minimal time for some objects (for the duration of Might to July), and forty five times during new year and sizzling time ( Jan to March).
4. Samples
For buyers who want sample affirmation ahead of buying, remember to bear in thoughts that the following plan will be adopted:
1) All samples are free of cost with the greatest price not exceeding USD one hundred.
2) The courier cost for the first-time sample sending will be charged for by the consignee. We will send out the samples with freight to be collected. So remember to tell your account with FedEx, UPS, DHL or TNT so that we can proceed promptly.
three) The initial-time courier expense will be entirely deducted from the contract price of the demo cooperation.
Roller Chain Servicing Guidelines
There are several issues to preserve in mind when preserving a roller chain. The primary causes include friction and external influences. Without having correct lubrication and adjustment, such chains will use prematurely. Listed here are some tips for retaining your roller chain in leading condition. continue studying! This will make your procedure less complicated. We will also examine the expense of the new roller chain. As always, remember to examine for loose ends and alter the chain routinely.
Preloading
Roller chains are made to accommodate numerous different varieties of masses. Sprockets are the main trigger of chain wear. Axial and angular misalignment happens when the sprocket faces are not correctly aligned. Equally sorts of misalignment enhance pressure and dress in on the roller chain. They can also negatively have an effect on the drive. Therefore, selecting the appropriate chain is an essential thing to consider.
Preloading aids to eliminate preliminary elongation and prolong services life. The benefits of preloading can be noticed in the preloading chart. Substantial elongation happens for the duration of travel startup with no or minimal preload. This is thanks to the surface area hardness of the worn parts. On the other hand, a correctly preloaded chain demonstrates minor elongation in the course of the preliminary start off. As a result, proper preload can extend use daily life.
Even though elongation is a natural phenomenon in any travel, it can be minimized or eradicated with suitable servicing. In addition to typical inspections, you must do a full inspection of your chain right after the first hundred hrs. This inspection need to target on key lifestyle aspects this sort of as 3% elongation, how the chain is lubricated, and any other problems that could influence lifestyle. A good quality chain should have the longest daily life and no difficulties.
There are many distinct roller chain technical specs. A excellent rule of thumb is to select chains with at least five backlinks. Then, tighten the chain until a split occurs, and it will tell you what kind of crack transpired. Alternatively, you can use a roller chain with the greatest allowable load. As prolonged as the MAL does not exceed that amount, it really is nonetheless perfectly secure to use it for any software.
lubricating
When it comes to lubrication, there are numerous diverse strategies. For instance, spray lubrication is a common method for substantial-horsepower drives and large-load and fast-relocating equipment. This approach is really efficient, but it is costly, and spraying the chain too much out of the guard can lead to leaks. One more typical strategy is brush lubrication. Brush lubrication involves implementing a ongoing circulation of oil to the chain, pushing it into the chain. This lubrication method decreases the software temperature of the chain. Also, it can extend the life of the chain, relying on the manufacturer’s specs.
Although the lubrication of roller chain couplings may differ by software, sprocket hubs need to be lubricated monthly to make sure suitable sealing. The sum of oil used is dependent on the rotational speed and the type of roller chain coupling. In basic, lubricants used in roller chain couplings need to have excellent adhesion, oxidation, and mechanical security.
Use-resistant lubricants are advised. They avert the rollers from sticking to every other and avert rusting. These lubricants have reduced floor stress and are not hazardous to metal or O-ring chains. The optimum lubrication method relies upon on ambient temperature, horsepower, and chain velocity. Properly lubricating a roller chain boosts the daily life of the chain and lowers the threat of use.
Suitable lubrication of the roller chain is essential to avoid corrosion and lengthen its service daily life. The oil kinds a clean film on the chain components, decreasing steel-to-metallic get in touch with and minimizing friction and put on. Additionally, the oil gives a smooth working area and minimizes noise. However, the running-in method of roller chain lubrication are not able to be underestimated. When utilizing weighty-responsibility oils, ensure that the lubricant is suitable with working and ambient temperatures.
Maintain
To lengthen the daily life of your roller chain, you want to carry out standard inspections. First, you ought to examine the T-pin on the url plate at the joint. If they are not connected properly, it can trigger the chain to stretch and not sustain appropriate spacing and timing. Following, you ought to appear for unusual noise, corrosion, and filth that may show put on. If you recognize any of these difficulties, it is time to substitute the chain.
In purchase to effectively keep a roller chain, the two regions of the roller chain need to be lubricated with the proper lubricant. Lubricants utilised need to be SAE non-degreased oils. There are numerous varieties of lubricants available, but the very best a single is a petroleum-dependent oil with a substantial viscosity. You can also check for indicators of put on, these kinds of as crimson or brown discoloration. This indicates that there is not enough lubrication.
Whilst the existence expectancy of a roller chain is unfamiliar, it is important to know how to extend its lifestyle and improve its usefulness. Improper rigidity and alignment can shorten its lifestyle and place undue tension on the push program and the chain alone. Incorrect stress can also guide to slippage and improved vitality output. For that reason, you must compute the pressure and alignment of the chain for the duration of the original installation. Examine and modify routinely.
Yet another way to lengthen the lifestyle of your rollers is to totally clear the inside and exterior of the rollers. You should also lubricate it frequently to prevent too much warmth buildup. Designed to avoid overheating by limiting the sum of function throughout break-ins. In addition, normal inspections will assist you catch anomalies early adequate to quit operations. Previous but not least, standard lubrication will lengthen the daily life of the roller chain.
Price
Purchasing a roller chain is a huge determination, but original price shouldn’t be the only thing to consider. The expense of the roller chain by itself, as nicely as the managing expenses, must be deemed. Even the least expensive-priced chains can be more costly in the extended run. Additionally, upkeep and strength costs might enhance. The very best roller chain for your enterprise will be the 1 that greatest suits your requirements. Shown below are some considerations to think about when acquiring a roller chain.
Very first, what material must you use? Roller chains appear in numerous various supplies. Stainless metal is a generally employed materials in design. Materials are selected based on the expense and layout of chain horsepower transmission. Numerous producing procedures will figure out which substance is appropriate for your application. Also, the bodyweight of the chain will differ depending on its pitch and the construction approach utilized. A huge portion of the cost of a roller chain is on the generate sprocket.
One more thing to consider is installation expense. Roller chains are typically used in agricultural and transportation purposes, specifically for agronomic merchandise. If lubrication is your concern, maintenance-cost-free chains are the best selection. Corrosion-resistant chains are perfect for moist environments. They are sold in boxed lengths, so changing a more time length needs incorporating a shorter duration. To stay away from problems, use the skateboard to aid join the links.
An additional thought is the overall width. The overall width of an open #forty roller chain may possibly range but must be at least 10 toes broad. Though it is not the most costly sort of roller chain, it will last more time. Utilizing it appropriately will boost its overall longevity, so it is a very good thought to select it correctly. If your business employs roller chains regularly, the expense reduction is well really worth it.
Software
A roller chain is made up of a pair of alternating pins and roller links. The pins are pressed into the side panels and hinged to the rollers. Roller chains can be solitary or multi-strand, linked by a frequent pin. The multi-strand style offers larger shear strength for demanding energy transmission purposes. Common purposes for roller chains incorporate conveyors, hoists, and other mechanical equipment.
The horsepower ability of a roller chain is minimal by a number of variables, which includes pin shock and friction. Even though analysis into these factors has placed some limits on the optimum operating pace of the roller chain, functional expertise has demonstrated that these methods can be utilised at increased speeds. Proper lubrication and cooling can improve the longevity of these chains. In addition, roller chain purposes incorporate:
Generate and conveyor techniques are the two principal makes use of of roller chains. Throughout driving functions, wear and elongation are a all-natural portion of the procedure. Nonetheless, lubrication performs a vital part in reducing use and shock hundreds. For that reason, put on is inevitable and specific treatment must be taken to ensure correct lubrication. In addition, lubrication minimizes warmth dissipation in the chain.
The components employed to make roller chains vary from one particular variety to an additional. Stainless metal is widespread, but nylon or brass are at times used. These materials are significantly less costly and a lot more tough than metal or stainless metal. The ideal content for the occupation is dependent on a selection of elements, such as cost, environmental situations, and design horsepower transmission. For case in point, the pin bushing speak to location is a vital area requiring lubrication. Additionally, some coatings are created to retard the corrosive results of water or oil.